El ciclo dunar costero

¿Alguna vez observaste qué le sucede a las dunas con el pasar del tiempo? ¿Sabes qué es el ciclo dunar costero y cómo se está viendo amenazado?

Atiende y lo verás.

Ministerio de Ambiente Uruguay. El ciclo dunar costero amenazas y vulnerabilidades (CC0)

Transcripción del audio del video

Los ecosistemas costeros se caracterizan por ser altamente dinámicos y cambiantes. Las playas de la costa oceánica del Uruguay pueden variar en forma importante en cuestión de días o semanas a raíz de la ocurrencia de eventos climáticos extremos. Esto se debe a que los campos de dunas pertenecen a un sistema móvil que se modifica permanentemente debido al oleaje, las corrientes marinas, el viento y la lluvia.

¿Cómo funciona el ciclo dunar en nuestras costas?

Los vientos predominantes transportan la arena desde la playa a través del territorio, volcándola nuevamente al mar. La corriente marina redistribuye los sedimentos, manteniendo un equilibrio dinámico de arena a lo largo de la costa. Cuando una playa pierde arena, otra la gana a través de la deriva litoral, y así, junto con las tormentas y la rotación de los vientos, evoluciona el ecosistema costero.

Este ciclo comienza a verse modificado cuando, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, la zona costera uruguaya experimenta un profundo proceso de transformación a partir de plantaciones forestales que buscaban favorecer el desarrollo de actividades productivas en la costa. La forestación funciona como una barrera para el transporte eólico de sedimentos, provocando la fijación de campos lunares y, paulatinamente, la disminución del ciclo de transporte de arena entre las playas.

Luego de las plantaciones forestales en la costa, el proceso de desarrollo urbano comienza a impermeabilizar el territorio, provocando una menor infiltración de las aguas de lluvia a través del suelo y, por ende, aumentando volúmenes y velocidades de su escurrimiento.

Con la ocurrencia de intensas precipitaciones, se generan importantes caudales de agua en corto tiempo que fluyen hacia la costa, impactando sobre las dunas y playas. Cuando esto sucede, se pierden grandes volúmenes de arena, deteriorándose el ecosistema costero y la calidad turística de las playas.

El aumento de la frecuencia y la intensidad de los eventos extremos de lluvia acentúa la problemática de erosión asociada al drenaje pluvial, lo que a su vez implica una mayor vulnerabilidad territorial ante el crecimiento del nivel del mar, que se prevé vaya en aumento en nuestra zona costera bajo el actual escenario de cambio climático.

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Arrastra cada tarjeta hasta su contenedor.

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0 1 2 3 4 5

Su navegador no es compatible con esta herramienta.